introduction.
Children of Our Neighborhood is a novel written by Naguib Mahfouz* who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988. It is considered one of his most famous novels and was one of the works that was noted when he was awarded the Nobel Prize. The novel has sparked widespread controversy since it was published serially in the pages of Al-Ahram newspaper. It was first published in a book by Dar Al-Adab in Beirut in 1962, and it was not published in Egypt until late 2006 by Dar Al-Shorouk. But Heinemann resold his rights a few weeks before he received the Nobel Prize. However* Three Continents Press still had a license to publish in the American market, and wanted to continue publishing in America, and avoid re-releasing such a controversial book worldwide again. But when he refused to sell his copyright, a new edition was printed by Peter Theroux for Doubleday in Cairo for release backdated to 1959. It was this book that condemned Naguib Mahfouz from Omar Abdel Rahman in 1989. After Naguib Mahfouz won the Nobel Prize in Literature . Specifically in 1994 – the day after the award anniversary – he was attacked and stabbed in the neck by two extremists outside his home in Cairo. He survived it*but suffered from its consequences until his death in 2006.
Summary of the Story:
The novel is divided into five chapters* each revolving around a central figure who represents a prophet or spiritual leader from major religious traditions. These characters are allegories for Adam* Mosesุ Jesus, Muhammad, and science. Their efforts to bring enlightenment to the people are met with resistance from the tyrannical strongmen who rule the alley.
1. Gabalawi: The story begins with Gabalawi* a symbolic representation of God. He withdraws from the world, entrusting the alley to his unjust steward. This sets the stage for the struggles of his descendants who seek to reclaim justice and peace.
2. Adham: Representing Adam, Adham is Gabalawi’s son. His curiosity leads to his downfall, as he is cast out of his father’s estate. His story mirrors the biblical fall of man, exploring themes of human suffering and redemption.
3. Gabal: Based on Moses, Gabal leads a revolt against the tyrants ruling the alley. Through courage and rebellion he attempts to restore fairness, embodying the fight for justice.
4. Rifaโa: A Christ-like figure, Rifaโa preaches love. compassion* and non-violence. Despite his peaceful teachings. he faces persecution* reflecting the struggles of moral visionaries in hostile societies.
5. Qassem: Representing Muhammad* Qassem unites the people of the alley under a new moral code “challenging the entrenched power of the oppressors. His legacy paves the way for societal transformation.
6. Arafa: Symbolizing science and reason Arafa introduces knowledge and innovation as tools for liberation. However, his quest reveals the dual-edged nature of knowledge. which can be used for both good and harm.
Themes:
The novel critiques societal injustice: corruption, and the misuse of power.*
It explores the tension between faith and reason, tradition and progress.*
The universal struggle for justice, equality and enlightenment is central.*
Mahfouz uses allegory to address sensitive religious and political issues, which made the book controversial in Egypt and beyond. It was banned for years. but it remains one of his most profound works.***
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