Leonardo Da Vinci was born to two people who are not legally married, and his father Peru Da Vinci was a notorious writer. Leonardo received his education in the studio of an Italian artist, who is famous at the time, which is Andrea Del Ferukio, and later moved to Milan, in which he spent most of his youth in the Duke Ludovico Sforza service, then he moved from it to Rome, Bolonia and Venice, and lived the last three years in his life in France and died of the semen in it a year 1519. Leonardo da Vinci won his fame from the drawing, so his most famous paintings are the Mona Lisa, which is – as well – the most famous painting of a person who was never drawn. Know it in all parts. [13] The Salvatore Mandi painting was sold for a record amount on November 15, 2017, which is 450.3 million US dollars at the Cristize’s high auction, and this is the highest price for selling his meeting with artwork in history. [14] And when Da Vinci left him from paintings, graphics, memorials, and personalities of personal valuable valuable valuables, especially because of the scientific drawings, boring and ideas about the entity of the drawing, and when the artists left it, there is no effect in which only Michael Anglo. [15] Da Vinci did not obtain an academic education during his life, [16] that many historians and researchers see in it a higher example of his genius in various fields and his pregnancy is the spirit of the “man of the Renaissance” and his preference for the vigor and his imagination that is completed with innovation, [12] and he praises him that he is more than one of their talents In the history of mankind, [17] Art historian Helen Gardner says that he was not preceded by a person in the multiplicity and depth of his talents, “His mind and personality appear to be not human to us.” [12] The researchers believe that Da Vinci’s view of the world was built on the basis of firm logic. [18] Da Vinci’s scientific inventions have a great celebration, as he placed during his life, plans for many modern machines, including a flying machine, a vehicle that is a vehicle for fighting, a solar energy and calculator [19] and a double ships, and was not built from these inventions in his time only a small section, but that most of them were not the construction of most of them not not. It is possible at the time, as the scientific method in engineering and minerals was still in its threat. However, the simple inventions of Da Vinci appeared in the artists during the Renaissance and achieved great success, including a spindle that was taken and a machine that leads to a tension test (to verify the possibility of wires), as it is attributed to the invention of the vigor or the shadow, the helicopter and the tank, [20] [21] and has discoveries Great in the science of anatomy, engineering, geology, optics and the flow of fluids, but most of these discoveries had no effect on the development of science because they have never been published.

Leonardo was born on April 14 or 15, 1452 B in the town of Vinchi, in the hills of Tuscany region; It is a town overlooking the Arno River Valley (and it is also a river that passes through Florence), and the region of Tuscany was then within the Republic of Florence, which was ruled by the Medici family. [25] The birth of Leonardo came due to a non -marital relationship between a rich notary of Florence called Mr. Pierre Frozino de Antonio da Vinci and a peasant named Catherina, [C] and historians previously thought that her name was Katrina Bouti Del Faka, but the British historian Martin Keteb found that her name is Katrina Miu Libyan, and the researchers have always been to speculate the origins of Leonardo’s mother, sometimes it is said that she is a nation of foreign countries and sometimes that she is a poor young woman from Italy. [24] [27] [28] [29] [D] and Leonardo had no name for a family in the modern sense of the word, as The word “Da Vinci” means that it is from the town of Vinchi; His full name was at birth Leonardo de Sir Pierrea Da Vinci (in Italian: Lionardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci), [32] [33] which means “Leonardo, son of Sayyid Pierou from the town His mother’s house in Nag Annikano [English], and he moved from him to the family’s house (his grandfather’s house, his father and uncle) in the town of Vinchi in 1457 (at the very least), [34] and his father then married a sixteen girl named Albeira Amaduri, and she loved the young Ebira Leonardo But she died young [35] without giving birth. When Da Vinci reached the age of sixteen years, his father married Francesca Lanfredini, who was twenty years old, and she also passed away without giving birth to children, so his father married for the third time from Margareta de Gaullu and had six legitimate heirs, then married for the fourth and last time From Lukizia Cortejian, which was overwhelmed by six other children. [36] [37] And Leonardo had twelve brother -in -laws that were smaller for many years, and he was born with the youngest of the age of forty, which weakened his relationship with them. One of them is that a flying bird climbed to its bed at night and put his tail in his mouth; He considered it a sign of his writing in this field. [39] [40] In another incident that was wandering in the mountains, a cave was found and had two feelings: the first is a fear of creatures that might lie inside and the second is a curiosity to discover what is in it, [35] Leonardo also wrote some of his memories of his childhood, such as water and writing and removing the name of his town in A notebook. [34] The researchers have always speculated and put theories about the early years of Leonardo’s life, [41] and a sixteenth writer named Georjo Fazari, a self -traffic writer on Renaissance painters, narrated a story about Leonardo’s childhood in which he says: that a village made for himself a rounded shield and asked the father Leonardo, Mr. Pierre, to give him to him, but Leonardo received her paint, so the paint came from the legend of Midosa, which has always inspired Leonardo, so this inspiration was manifested in the form of a terrifying painting a monster that breathes, and his father was forced to buy another shield for the village and sold the shield on which Leonardo drew to an art trader from Florence For 100 docks, this merchant sold the shield of the Milan Duke. [42] His training in the Freukio workshop modified the baptism of Christ (1472-1475) with Freukio and Leonardo da Vinci, at the Ovisi exhibition. Leonardo da Vinchi was registered as a resident of Vinchi until 1468, but he often lived through Florence, which is his father’s workplace, [43] and Georgio Fazari thinks that Sir Pierreo moved to work in Florence, and returned from it in 1462 with his family, [44 Father Piero offered to his friend Freukio some of Leonardo’s little drawings to persuade him to include Leonardo for his workshop, but they decided to enter Leonardo into the Freukio workshop later due to the difficulty of learning the profession at the age of ten. [45] It was clear to everyone the interest of the young Leonardo in the art of drawing and making fictional things, and in 1468 Sir Pierree sent his son to the Ferukio workshop, and Leonardo became a trainee at the age of seventeen, and he remained a seven -year trainee. [44] The Freukio workshop in that period was one of the most important concerns in Florence and a fertile place to cultivate talents, and Frukio himself was a pioneer in drawing and sculptures in Florence, [46] [47]. Some of their works were accomplished, and the most famous of these painters are: Petro Perogeno, Dominico Grendio, Sandro Puticilli and Lorenzo de Credit. [35] [48] Da Vinchi learns in the Ferukio workshop with different sciences, sciences and techniques with multiple theoretical and practical methods, including drawing machines, chemistry, metallic science, shortcuts, leather crafts, mechanisms and wooden workcles, and also trained in photography, drawing, sculptures and models design. And the workers in the Freukio workshop are many paintings during their training period, and one of the researchers says that Leonardo da Vinci cooperated with Frukio in drawing a painting of the baptism of Christ, as Leonardo took over the drawing of the little angel, holding Jesus’ robe in a manner that exceeded the method of his teacher’s work, “to the extent that Frukio put the brush from his hand and why he did not He then draws another painting. ”But it is most likely that this is a successful story, [50] and the accurate examination of the painting reveals parts drawn or re -drawn over the Tambera in the style of oil painting, which is the latest drawing techniques in the time of the painting, from these parts: landscapes and rocks (phenomenon Through the course of the brown mountain) and a large side of the image of Jesus standing as a witness to Leonardo’s feather. [51] It is also believed that Leonardo inspired two works of Freukio’s works: the bronze statue of David in Bargilo and the angel Raphael in the Tobia and Angel painting. [27] Leonardo qualified at the age of twenty (in 1472) to become a member of a professional rank in the Saint Luke Syndicate, a union for artists and doctors at the time, [H] and Leonardo’s connection to his teacher Ferukio has not been interrupted since then, but he remained to live with him and work with him even after his father opened a workshop for him , [35] [52] The plate of a landscape of Tuskana is the oldest of Leonardo’s history known as history, [48] and it is said that it is the first “pure” drawing of a landscape in Western art, and it is a preliminary drawing with the pen and ink for the Arno Valley. [I] [53] and one says Researchers said that the young Leonardo was the first to suggest making the Arno River a navigation channel between Florence and Pisa. [54] His career, justice Louvre Museum version of the Rocking Virgin Panel. Leonardo received a personal request to draw the altar of the St. Bernard Church at the Vikio Palace in January 1478, [55] and this indicates that he was then independent of the Freukio workshop, and the unknown of Ghadiano mentioned that Leonardo lived in 1480 with the Medishi family and worked in the Park of Saint Marco Square ( Florence) in which members of the new Platonic Academy met for artists, poets and philosophers, an academy that organized the Medishi family all its affairs and all its activities. [27] In March 1481, the Augustians (in the Saint Donato Monastery in Skopito) assigned Leonardo to draw the Magi love painting, [56] but Leonardo had to travel to serve the Duke of Milan Ludovico Sforza, and the painting remained incomplete loud. In 1482, Leonardo made a tender instrument of silver, a horse skull and a ram brought it to Svorza [57] [58] and wrote to him a letter describing his success and skill in various fields such as engineering and weapons design, and also mentioned that he was a painter. [57] [48] [59 ]] Leonardo worked in Milan between 1482 and 1499 and was charged with drawing a drainage of the rocks for “the brother of the rope without impurity” and the last dinner painting of the Santa Maria Daily Daily Monastery. [60] In the spring of 1485, Leonardo traveled to the Kingdom of Hungary on behalf of Sforza to meet King Matthias Corpinos, and the king assigned him to draw Madonna, a painting by the Virgin Mary, [61] and Leonardo has since engaged in several projects with King Sforza, including preparing the rafts and processions for special occasions and preparing a fee And a wooden model for the Milan Cathedral design competition, even if it had withdrawn from it later, [62] as well as the design of a huge equestrian statue for Franchisco Sforza I (the ancestor of King Ludovico Sforza), and it was planned that the size of this statue would exceed the large sizes of the equestrian of the Renaissance, They are the Katamilata statue of Bonnonillo in the city of Badova and the statue of Bartolomeo Culioni of Forokio in Venice, and Leonardo completed a horse model and set detailed plans for his pouring, [48] But King Ludovico decided in November 1494 to give the bronze dedicated to the statue to artillery artillery to defend the city from Charles VIII King of France, [48 This design was known as the “Great Horse” or “Leonardo’s Horse”. [48] Leonardo fled from Milan, accompanied by his assistant Salai and his friend, mathematics scientist Luka Bachouli, and they headed to Venice after Milan fell into the hands of the French at the beginning of the second Italian war. [63] Leonardo worked as an engineer and military designer in Al -Bandaqiya, and created defensive methods against marine attacks, [35] Leonardo returned in 1500 to Florence and came with his family as a guest on the monks of the Monastery of Santisima Anounzata, and these monks gave him a workshop in which he worked, and Vazari says that Leonardo drew this period in this period The plate of the Virgin and the child with Saint Ann and Saint John the Baptist, which is a painting of several pages attached to each other, such as animated fees, and this painting was tremendous admiration and the arrival of “men, women, children and adults” to see it “as if they were with a great festival. [64] [J] Emola city map. Leonardo worked in 1502 in Cesina to Cesry Burja, the son of Pope Iskandar VI, and Leonardo put a plan for Cheese Burja and the planned was a map of Emola, and his goal was to win sympathy and support for Casery, and the maps were then rare and new, and he employed Cesry Leonardo after seeing the map, Leonardo became an engineer and military designer to Cesry and also traveled with him all over Italy. [63] Later in 1502 Leonardo drew another map of the Xiana Valley in Tuscany, and the map helped Caseri because it contains an accurate survey of the land and a sign of an important strategic location militarily, and the position of this map coincided with the Leonardo project by building a dam from the sea to Florence, and the goal of the dam is to flow water In the channel throughout the seasons of the year. At early in 1503, Leonardo returned to Florence after he left Cesry Burga, [66] and joined the Saint Luke Syndicate on October 18 of the same year, and Leonardo also began in October to work on a personal painting by Mrs. Lisa del Gondo, a famous Mona Lisa model model , [67] [68], which he worked on until his last days. In January 1504, Leonardo was invited to a committee to recommend the location of the construction of the David statue of Michelangelo, [69] and then spent two years in Florence to design and paint the mural of the Anatari battle at the request of the government to decorate the Vikio Palace Hall, [63] and Mikel Angelo participated in this work as well, He designed the second mural, which is the Battle of Cashina. [Ya] in 1506, Leonardo returned again to Milan after Charles II de Melbawaz, the Acting French Governor in Milan, called him, and he wanted the Florence City Council to return immediately to end the battle plate Angari, but the leave was granted. At the request of Louis XII because he intended to assign Leonardo to some filming (i.e. drawing a painting for a person), [72] and it is possible that Leonardo started the project of the Du Embawaz statue of equestrian, and this statue has a model of the threshold, and if Leonardo is the maker of his waxing model, it is the only example. The rest on Leonardo sculptures. Other than that, Leonardo was free in his knowledge of his scientific interests in Milan, [72] and many prominent Leonardo students worked with him or knew him in Milan, [35] including Bernardino Lenne, Giovanni Antonio Bulvio and Marco Dujio, and in 1507 Leonardo went to Florence to resolve A conflict with his brothers over the property of his father, who died in 1504. In 1508 Leonardo returned to Milan and lived at his home in Porta Oriental in the diocese of Santa Babila. [73] His old age and death modified Leonardo drawing this initial scheme with the black dishes of the water movement from the ground in the flooding process near his death, and it was part of a series of ten parts associated with explanations codified in his books. [74] While Leonardo was working on making an equestrian statue of the Italian aristocrat Gian Jiacomo Trevolzio in 1512, the coalition of the Swiss, Spanish and Venice forces invaded the city of Milan to expel the French from it, and Leonardo’s actions stopped and coalition forces succeeded in their endeavors. Leonardo did not leave the city, and he spent several months of 1513 in a villa for the Ruling family of Madridi, [75] and in March of the same year he became Giovanni (the second son of the ruler of Florence Lorenzo de Meedish) Baba the Catholic Church and in the name of Liu X; Leonardo went to Rome in September, and Juliano received him, the Pope’s brother. [75] Leonardo spent the period between September 1513 to 1516 in the Balfide Balfayn [English] at the Vatican Palace, a place where Micheliano and Raville worked. [73] In that place, Leonardo was given thirty -three ducat a month, and he decorated a lizard with mercury scales, according to what Vasari mentioned, [76] and assigned the Pope with an unknown painting, which was canceled when the artist began developing a new type of varnish. [76] [YB] Leonardo had a stroke followed by other strokes, ultimately led to his death, [76] and practiced in plant science in the Vatican Gardens, and was charged with implementing the Pope’s proposal to dry the Bonteen Skat. [77] This is in addition to the autopsy that resulted in notes on the thesis on the vocal cords; [78] and Leonardo wanted to respond to the Pope’s work and his well -being, so he presented them to the official authorities, but he did not succeed in that. [76] The King of France, Francois I, restored the French control of Milan in October 1515, [56] and the king met with Pope Liu X in a meeting attended by Leonardo da Vinci on December 19 in Bologna. [35] [79] [80] The Leonardo service for King Francois began in 1516, and accordingly the king gave him the right to use Chloe Lucy Palace, which is located near the king’s residence in the Royal Palace in Ambawaz, and thanks to the near distance, Francois visits to Leonardo became many repeated, so Leonardo drew plans for a huge fort that Francois intend to construct him In the city of Romurantin [English], in addition to the manufacture of an automatic lion that comes out of his chest with lily bouquets while walking in a procession towards the king. [81] [82] 73] Melzi drew a drawing of his teacher Da Vinci, while the other paintings of Leonardo refer to one of his assistants and was found a decree on the back of a notebook of Leonardo’s books from about 1517, [84] Giovanni Ambrojio Vijino also drew a picture of the old Leonardo and his right arm covered with cloth (and it was difficult for him to move it. Then), [85] [Hand] Perhaps this is the reason for leaving many of his incorrect works, such as the Mona Lisa. [86] [88] [89] However, he continued to work somewhat until he eventually became sick and bedridden for several months. [87] A painting of Ambawaz Palace was drawn by Leonardo Francesco Melze (around 1518). Leonardo died in Close Lucy on May 2, 1519 at the age of 67, and it is more likely that the cause of death was a stroke. [89] [90] King François I was a close friend at the time, and Fazari says that Leonardo pity himself while he was on his death and he asked for repentance, and said that he “offended God and human beings by failing to practice his art as he had to do so” [91] and Fazari states that Leonardo sent in His last days of a priest to recognize his sins and accept the sacred secret. [92] Fazari also claims that the king embraced Leonardo’s head in his arms when he breathed his last, although this story is mostly imaginative, [Yaz] [Yah] and Lyonardo’s sarcophag Vinchi the legal and his will, so he received money and paintings, Leonardo, his tools, library and personal belongings. Leonardo also remembered his other student, his old friend Salai and his loyal servant Batista de Villanis, each of them got half of the properties of Da Vinchi from the vineyards of grapes, [94] and his brothers got his lands, and his servant received a mantle lined with fur. On August 12, 1519, Leonardo’s remains were buried in the collective church of Saint Florentin at the Ambawaz Castle in France, [95] and about 20 years after the death of Leonardo, the jeweler and sculptor Bennvinoto Chilini reported that King Francois said: “A man in the world was not born with knowledge as much as Leonardo won as much And I do not mean here to know drawing, sculpture and architecture, but rather the knowledge that made it a very great philosopher. ”